Herod Antipas ruled 4 B. Killed John the Baptist. Did you know that Pilate and Herod Antipas became friends that day Luke ?
Herod Philip the Tetrarch ruled 4 B. Herod Agrippa I ruled A. Eventually ended up ruling over even more territory than did his grandfather, Herod the Great. Herod Agrippa II ruled A. Or was his statement ironic? He is an author of various books, some academic such as Polycarp and Paul , some semi-academic such as What Are Spiritual Gifts? Mariamne bore Herod three sons.
One tragically died in his youth. After the death of his second wife, Herod met another Mariamne. By all reports, she was gorgeous, and Herod fell in love with her. Her father, Simon, was a nobleman from priestly descent, so Herod appointed him to the high priesthood and took his daughter as his wife. So when Mariamne found out that Antipater intended to kill his father, she kept his secret.
Herod Philip married his niece, Herodias. And the poor guy is embarrassingly memorialized in Scripture as the schlub Herodias left to marry his uncle a different Herod :. For Herod himself had sent and had John arrested and bound in prison on account of Herodias, the wife of his brother Philip, because he had married her.
We do know she was a Samaritan woman the Jews must have loved this. She gave birth to Herod Archelaus and Herod Antipas. Obviously, we call this wife Cleopatra of Jerusalem to ensure that no one confuses her with her more famous namesake. She and Herod gave birth to Philip the Tetrarch. As a matter of fact, as his rule went on, he kept leveling up in crazy. So he continued to spread rumors about them.
It got so bad that Herod took the issue to Augustus, charging Alexander and Aristobulus with treason. Augustus talked him out of putting his sons on trial and helped draft a plan for reconciliation.
Did that make him happy? The idiot was impatient and made plans to poison his father. Herod found out, and Antipater was executed just days before Herod died.
Throughout his life, Herod showed flashes of insanity. After having Mariamne killed, he would sometimes send servants to fetch her. As he got older and he grew more paranoid, things got worse. A lot of this came from the stress of trying to appease Rome and Israel and never truly succeeding at either. When he tried to appease Rome by hanging a golden eagle the symbol of Rome at the temple entrance, he set off a firestorm.
Young priests and devout Jews were incensed at the sacrilege. When rumors started circulating that Herod was melancholy and dying, a bunch of Jewish students saw this as a perfect opportunity to destroy the emblem. These rabbinical students chopped it down and destroyed it with axes, but soldiers caught about 40 of the rebels. Herod had them burned alive—along with their two rabbis.
He summoned notable individuals from all over Judea and had them imprisoned at the hippodrome theater in Jericho. When important figures from all over Israel died alongside Herod, he would assure mass mourning. The order was given but it never carried out. In the midst of this madness, Jesus was born.
The reason? Because we know that Herod the Great died around 4 BC, and his story intersects with the infant Jesus. For Herod, the Messiah represents a complete and total loss of focus and power. Initially, he planned to use information from the Magi to strategically remove Jesus.
But when the Magi are warned in a dream not to return to Herod, he flies into a rage. This is really the only time we hear about Herod the Great in the New Testament. In fact, Matthew immediately follows this story up with a nod to the regime change:. But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there, and being warned in a dream he withdrew to the district of Galilee Matthew — Just before his death, he made one final change.
This amendment made Archelaus the king of Judea, and the younger Antipas ruler over Galilee. Because Archelaus was known to be a bit of a monster, the senate was pulled toward making Antipas the sole ruler over the Jews.
Not only was Archelaus part Edomite like this father, but he was also half Samaritan. But was Archelaus the type to patiently win over the Jews with wise and patient leadership? Heck no.
The Roman senate was right. He was a monster. There was a lot of anger in Jerusalem after Herod the Great had those 40 students and two rabbis executed for destroying the Roman symbol. These wounds were still fresh when Archelaus took the throne. When rioting broke out at the temple during Passover, he sent in troops and 3, citizens ended up dying.
The new king then canceled Passover. When he left on a trip to Rome for his inauguration, rioting started again. Over 2, people were crucified. This chaos explains why Joseph was afraid to return to Judah, and instead went to Galilee where Philip was ruling. He was deposed and sent to Gaul in 6 BC—he only ruled for two years. Herodias was the daughter of Aristobulus. You remember him, right? He was one of the two sons that Antipater badgered Herod into executing. Philip and Herodias had a daughter named Salome named after her great aunt.
Like the rest of the Herodian dynasty, it appears that Herodias was a little too ambitious to be yoked to a Herod that was going nowhere, so she divorced him and married a different half-uncle, Herod Antipas. The gospel writers tell us that John the Baptist publicly called out Antipas for this sin. As a result, he had John thrown into prison Luke — It would seem that Herodias was cut from the same cloth as her grandfather. Mark tells us Antipas knew John was a holy man and enjoyed their challenging conversations Mark — He threw a big gala, and all the high officials and military commanders were present.
Herod wants to kill you. He rebuilt the town of Bethsaida the hometown of Peter , Andrew , and Philip , and later he would marry Salome, the dancing daughter of Herodias. Herod, by French painter and Bible illustrator James Tissot.
Herod Antipas became the tetrarch of Galilee and Perea from 4 B. He is seen in the New Testament to have been rebuked by John the Baptist for taking the wife of his half-brother, Philip:. But she could not, for Herod feared John, knowing that he was a righteous and holy man, and he kept him safe.
When he heard him, he was greatly perplexed, and yet he heard him gladly. Mark Antipas had John beheaded to fulfill an oath sworn to his daughter Mark and later worries that Jesus is John the Baptist back from the dead Matthew Despite this misunderstanding, the Gospel of Luke records that Herod Antipas was interested in seeing Jesus perform a miracle, and was pleased to have had Christ brought before him by His accusers Luke However, Jesus performed no miracles nor answered any questions and was sent on to Pontius Pilate.
Antipas was not a strong ruler and was eventually exiled to modern France, then known as Gaul. Agrippa sought to maintain good standing with the Jewish people, ultimately gaining the respect of both the Sadducees and Pharisees. He is eventually struck down for failing to give glory to God:.
On an appointed day Herod put on his royal robes, took his seat upon the throne, and delivered an oration to them. Once old enough, Herod Agrippa II took power from the corrupt procurators holding his place. Agrippa II found no fault in Paul worthy of his imprisonment and remarked that he could have been let go if only he had not appealed to make his case before Caesar Acts All told, there are five men who are referred to as Herod in Scripture six, if you count Herod Phillip being mentioned simply as Phillip in Mark Herod the Great and his lineage greatly influenced the political and social landscape of this period and contributed to the history of Judaism and the events of the New Testament in many ways.
Understanding the influence each of these prominent rulers had allows us to better understand the framework within which Jesus lived and preached. Carson and Douglas J.
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