When a person has symptoms, they appear about 2 to 10 days after the virus enters the body. After a person is first infected, the virus travels to nerve cells near the spine and stays there. When there is a trigger the virus can become active again.
Triggers can include illness, stress, and hormonal changes. When the virus is active again, it travels along the nerves, back to where it first entered the body, and causes a new outbreak of sores and blisters. This is called a recurrence. The virus can be passed to others during a recurrence. There is no cure for herpes, but the infection can be managed.
Antiviral medications taken during outbreaks can make them shorter and less severe. When taken on a daily basis, antiviral medications can reduce the number of outbreaks. This is called suppressive therapy. In some cases, suppressive therapy can prevent outbreaks for a long time. This therapy also reduces the risk of giving herpes to someone else.
HIV is passed from person to person through contact with infected body fluids, such as semen , vaginal fluid, or blood. Once HIV is in your body, it attacks the immune system. As the immune system weakens, it is less able to resist disease and infections. AIDS is diagnosed when a person with HIV develops diseases that the immune system normally would fight off, such as pneumonia , certain types of cancer, and infections.
Some people may have flu-like symptoms within 2 to 4 weeks of getting the virus. But other people may not feel sick until the infection is more serious. The only way to know if you have HIV is to get tested. There is no cure for HIV infection, but it can be treated.
Drugs are available that can help people with HIV stay healthy for a long time. The earlier treatment is started, the better for your long-term health. Early treatment also reduces your risk of giving the virus to your sex partners. Trichomoniasis is an infection caused by a microscopic parasite that is spread through sex. It can be cured with treatment. Many people have no symptoms of trichomoniasis. When symptoms do occur, they include discharge from the vagina and vaginal itching and redness.
Hepatitis is a serious infection of the liver caused by a virus. Two types of hepatitis, B and C, can be sexually transmitted. They can be spread by direct contact with the blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and saliva of an infected person. There is a vaccine to prevent infection with hepatitis B. There is no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C infection.
Many people infected with hepatitis B or hepatitis C recover completely. However, some people develop chronic liver infections, which can lead to long-term health problems. Anus: The opening of the digestive tract through which bowel movements leave the body. Fallopian Tubes: Tubes through which an egg travels from the ovary to the uterus. Hepatitis: Infection of the liver that can be caused by several types of viruses. Human Papillomavirus HPV : The name for a group of related viruses, some of which cause genital warts and some of which are linked to cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, mouth, and throat.
Infertility: The inability to get pregnant after 1 year of having regular sexual intercourse without the use of birth control. Lymph Nodes: Small groups of special tissue that carry lymph, a liquid that bathes body cells. Lymph nodes are connected to each other by lymph vessels. How can you protect yourself? What are the treatment options? The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have sex i.
Vaccines are safe, effective, and recommended ways to prevent hepatitis B and HPV. HPV vaccination is recommended for preteens ages 11 or 12 or can start at age 9 and everyone through age 26, if not vaccinated already.
Vaccination is not recommended for everyone older than age 26 years. However, some adults age 27 through 45 years who are not already vaccinated may decide to get the HPV vaccine after speaking with their doctor about their risk for new HPV infections and the possible benefits of vaccination.
HPV vaccination in this age range provides less benefit as more people have already been exposed to HPV. You should also get vaccinated for hepatitis B if you were not vaccinated when you were younger. Reducing your number of sex partners can decrease your risk for STDs. Provide some guidance on what your teenager can say without hurting the feelings of her date, such as.
Also, let your teenager know that using alcohol or drugs can affect her ability to make a good decision.
Drugs and alcohol make it more difficult to remain firm about the choice to wait to have sex. Even sexually active teenagers might try high-risk sexual behaviors while drinking alcohol or using drugs. If a teenager starts having sex, it is important for her to practice safe sex. Safe sex means using a barrier method of birth control eg, latex condoms every time, beginning with the first sexual experience.
Condoms are not a guarantee against STIs. The only way to truly prevent getting an STI is by not having sex at all. Talk to your teenager about how she can reduce her risk of STIs by limiting the number of lifetime sexual partners. Anyone who is sexually active should get regular tests for STIs.
Women should have an annual Pap smear. This is the first line of defense against cervical cancer and precancerous changes caused by papillomaviruses. Many doctors also recommend that every sexually active teenager be tested twice a year for gonorrhea and chlamydia and once a year for syphilis.
Regular counseling about HIV is also important. Testing should be performed more frequently if symptoms such as abnormal vaginal discharge, irritation, or pain occur. Even though you may have clearly spoken with your teenager about the advantages of waiting to have sex, you need to talk with her about birth control. To prevent the transmission of STIs, teenagers need to be taught how to effectively use condoms.
The condom should be made of latex. Laboratory studies have shown that HIV and other viruses can pass through the pores of natural membrane or lambskin condoms.
Remind your teenager that other forms of birth control, including birth control pills, shots like Depo-Provera, and implants like Norplant, do not prevent STIs. Only latex condoms offer this protection. A female condom, made as a lubricated polyurethane sheath, and called Reality, is also available. Condoms work really well in stopping most STIs from being passed from an infected partner to another. Use a condom every time you have vaginal, anal or oral sex. Find out how use a condom correctly.
It is a course of drugs that is taken after sex where there has been a higher risk of exposure. If you are concerned you might have been exposed to HIV had unprotected sex with someone whose HIV status you do not know, or know to be positive, or shared injecting equipment , you may be eligible for PEP.
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